Which statistical concept describes the distinct values that divide data into equal parts?

The correct choice is quartiles, which are specific statistical values that divide a set of data into four equal parts. Each quartile represents a different section of the data distribution. For instance, the first quartile (Q1) includes the lowest 25% of data points, the second quartile (Q2), which is also the median, separates the data into two halves, and the third quartile (Q3) includes the lowest 75% of data points. This division helps in understanding the spread and central tendency of the data. By using quartiles, statisticians can examine the distribution and variability within a dataset in a more granular way.

Other concepts such as the median represent the middle value of a data set, mode refers to the most frequently occurring value, and range measures the difference between the highest and lowest values. While these terms are important in statistics, they do not specifically refer to the division of data into equal parts like quartiles do, making quartiles the most accurate description for the question asked.